Materials are prepared before being loaded into the channel. Livestock manure is mixed with bulking agents—such as crushed straw or rice husks—to achieve a carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio between 25:1 and 30:1. Water is added (or the manure’s inherent moisture is utilized) to adjust the moisture content to between 55% and 65%. A loader is used to deposit the prepared mixture into the inlet end of the fermentation channel, stacking it to a design height of 1.0 to 1.5 meters with a roughly leveled surface.

Within 24 to 48 hours of loading, internal microorganisms multiply rapidly, raising the channel temperature above 50°C. At this point, the double screws compost turning machine is activated to perform the first turning cycle. As the machine travels along the channel rails, the two rotating screw shafts penetrate the material layer; the helical blades scoop material from the bottom and turn it over. The material undergoes repeated shearing and kneading between the two shafts, breaking up clumps and tearing fibers into shorter lengths. After being lifted and exposed to the air, the material falls back into the channel, having shifted approximately one to two meters toward the discharge end.

During the high-temperature phase, the material is turned once or twice daily for 7 to 10 days, maintaining an internal temperature of 50–70°C. Turning ensures ample oxygen supply, keeping aerobic microorganisms active while destroying pathogens and weed seeds through high heat. As the temperature gradually subsides, the process enters the maturation phase; turning frequency is reduced to once every two or three days, allowing the material to stabilize its organic matter content through lower-intensity agitation. After 15–20 days of continuous turning, the material moves from the inlet to the outlet; once fully matured, it is discharged for subsequent processing—such as crushing, screening, or granulation.