Fermentation is the key step in bio-organic fertilizer production lines. Good fermentation breaks down organic matter, kills pathogens and weed seeds, and boosts fertilizer efficiency.
1.Temperature Trends
Normal: Early stage (days 1-3): Temperature rises quickly to 50–65°C. High-temperature stage (55–70°C) lasts 5–7 days. Later stage: Temperature cools down slowly.
Abnormal: Too low (<50°C): Could be due to high moisture, imbalanced C/N ratio, or poor aeration, causing slow fermentation. Too high (>75°C): Could be from too much air or overly compacted material, which kills beneficial microbes.
2.Odor Changes
Normal: Slight ammonia smell early on, then turns into an earthy scent or sour fermentation smell.
Abnormal: Foul odors (like rotting or sulfur smell): Likely due to anaerobic conditions or too much sulfur. Fix by compost turning machines the pile or adjusting airflow.
3.Changes in Material Appearance
Normal: Material turns dark brown, becomes loose and fluffy, with no large chunks of raw stuff.
Abnormal: Hard, clumped material: May be from low moisture or not turning enough. Add water or turn more often.
4.pH Changes
Normal: pH might be slightly high early on (7.5–8.5), then stabilizes at 6.5–7.5.
5.Fermentation Duration
Normal: Usually takes 15–30 days (depends on material and method). When the pile cools to room temperature, it’s basically mature.
By monitoring the temperature, smell, appearance, pH and fermentation cycle, it is possible to accurately determine whether the fermentation of the bio-organic fertilizer production line is normal.